Science Master

A.  Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll B. Reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrate C. Oxidation of carbon to carbon dioxide D. Splitting of water  Solution: C The process by which plants convert carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into oxygen and energy in the form of sugar is known as photosynthesis. Here are the different steps that make up the process of photosynthesis: Sunlight energy is absorbed by the chlorophyll found in leaves. Conversion of light energy to chemical energy. The water molecule splits into its corresponding components, hydrogen, and oxygen, during this process. Light energy reduces carbon dioxide into carbohydrates like glucose by using the hydrogen and oxygen produced in the above step. Hence, (c) is the correct answer.

A. Hydrochloric acid B. Lactic acid C. Uric acid D. Methanoic acid Solution: A Hydrochloric acid is found in the human stomach. Its chemical formula is HCl, and it helps in digestion by decomposing complex, large food molecules into simpler ones. The acid activates the pepsinogen enzyme, which is necessary for protein digestion. It also kills dangerous germs in the stomach. Hence, (a) is the correct answer. Know more about Vitamins and Minerals and their deficiency diseases .

  A. NaAlO 2 B. H 2 O C. Al 2 O 3 D. SiO 2      Solution: D The Chemical formula for Silica is SiO2. Silica is the common name for Silicon Dioxide. It is commonly found in quartz. SiO2 forms 3-dimensional network solids in which each silicon atom is covalently bonded in a tetrahedral manner to 4 oxygen atoms.  Hence, option (D) is correct. Read more about Chemical Compounds and their formulae .

A. Femur  B. Malleus  C. Stapes  D. None of the above  Solution: C  Stapes bone present in the ear is the smallest bone in human body. Femur is the longest bone in human body. Hence, option (c) is correct. 

A. Liver B. Pancreas  C. Thyroid D. Hypothalamus Solution: A Liver is the largest gland of human body. Liver is a spongy mass of wedge-shaped lobes that has many metabolic and secretory functions. It is located on the right side of the abdomen. Hence, option (A) is correct.  Watch explanation of this question here . 

A. Precipitation B. Condensation C. Transpiration D.  Evaporation Solution: A Rain, hail, and snow are the three most common types of precipitation. Rain: Rain is a type of precipitation that occurs when water droplets fall to the surface of the Earth. When rain falls from the clouds, but freezes before it reaches the ground, it is referred to as ice pellets or sleet. Hail: Hail forms in the clouds of a cold storm. It forms when droplets of very cold-water freeze, or turn solid, as soon as they touch things like dust or dirt. Snow: Snow is the type of precipitation that falls in the form of ice crystals. The ice crystals are formed individually in clouds, but when they fall, they stick together in clusters of snowflakes. Hence, (A) is the correct answer. Read Geography Study Material important for the preparation for NDA 2023 exam. Visit UPSC website for updates regarding NDA exam.

A. seeds   B. roots C. fruits D. flowers Solution: B Pneumatophores are specialized root structures that grow out from the water surface and facilitate the aeration necessary for root respiration in hydrophytic trees.  Such hydrophytic trees are mangrove species, bald cypresses, and cotton gum. Hence, option (B) is correct.

A. Ovary B. Kidney C. Liver D. Testis Solution: D Sertoli cells are found in the seminiferous tubule of the Testis. It helps in the process of production of sperm. The cells are activated by FSH hormone secreted by adenohypophysis and has FSH receptor on its membranes. These cells are required for male sexual development. Hence, option (D) is correct.  Read about Human Reproduction in NCERT Class 12 Chapter 3 .

A. Chlorofluorocarbon B. Carbon Dioxide C. Argon D. Methane Solution: C Greenhouse gases lead to greenhouse effect wherein the gases absorb the infrared radiation emitted by earth (after absorption of solar radiation reaching its surface) thereby increasing its temperature. Greenhouse effect is necessary but the rising concentrations of greenhouse gases due to human activities has caused great alarm.  The main greenhouse gases are- Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide, Hydrofluorocarbons, Ozone, HCFCs, etc.  Hence, option (C) is correct. Check out official Answer key of UPPCS Prelims 2022 Exam . 

A. Liver B. Brain C. Heart D. Kidney Solution: A Hepatitis A is an inflammation of the liver that is caused by hepatitis A virus. Hepatitis A is a highly contagious, short-term liver infection. In rare cases, it can cause liver failure and even death. It can spread from the infected person when in personal contact or through contaminated food or drink. Symptoms usually appear 2 to 7 months after infection. Some of the symptoms are: Yellow skin or eyes Loss of appetite and Upset stomach Vomiting and Stomach pain Fever Dark urine or light- colored stools Diarrhea Joint pain Feeling tired Hence, option (A) is correct. 

A. Non-biodegradable pollutant B. Biochemical pollutant C. Non-pollutant D. Biodegradable pollutant Solution: A Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) is a non-biodegradable pollutant. It was used as an insecticide in agriculture. It was banned globally for agricultural use under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants which has been in effect since 2004. In many countries, DDT is still used to control mosquitoes that spread malaria.  Müller was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1948 "for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods". DDT was first synthesized in 1874. Hence, option (A) is correct. Check out UPPCS Prelims 2022 Answer Key . Join UPPCS Mains 2022 Test Series .

(A) a large aperture contributes to the quality and visibility of the images.  (B) a large area of the objective ensures better light gathering power.  (C) a large aperture provides a better resolution.  (D) all of the above. Solution: D A lens of large focal length and large aperture is best suited as an objective of an astronomical telescope since a large aperture provide better resolution and contributes to the quality and visibility of the images. A large area of the objective ensures better light gathering power.  Hence, option (D) is correct.

A. Forever Revolution B. Green Revolution C. Farm-fresh Revolution D. Evergreen Revolution Solution: D M S Swaminathan, also known as Father of Green Revolution in India, coined the term Evergreen Revolution in 1990. The term implies the productivity improvement in perpetuity without ecological and social harm.  M S Swaminathan was named the first World Food Prize Laureate for developing and introducing high-yielding wheat and rice varieties in India during 1960s.  Hence, option (D) is correct. Read about various agricultural revolutions in India . 

A. Ficus B. Lentils C. Chickpeas D. Peanuts Solution: A Clover, Soybeans, Alfalfa, Lupins, Rooibos, Cowpeas, Peanuts, and Chickpeas are some plants that fix atmospheric nitrogen due to a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with rhizobia bacteria found in their root nodules. Ficus is a genus of around 900 species of trees, shrubs, and vines in the family Moraceae.  Hence, option (A) is correct. Read more about Plant Diseases . 

(1) Species A (−) ; Species B (0)  (2) Species A (+) ; Species B (+)  (3) Species A (−) ; Species B (−)  (4) Species A (+) ; Species B (0) Solution: 1 Types of symbiotic relationships: 1. Mutualism- Both species benefit i.e. Species A (+); Species B (+) 2. Commensalism- In which one species benefits and the other remains unaffected i.e. Species A (+); Species B (0) 3. Parasitism- One species benefits from the relationship at the expense of the other i.e. Species A (+); Species B (-) 4. Amensalism- One species is harmed or killed by the other and one is unaffected by the other i.e. Species A (-); Species B (0) Hence, option (1) is correct.

A. Tectonic shift B. Epicenter C. Seismic wave D. Sound wave Solution: C Seismic waves are waves caused when earthquake occurs.  The waves are caused by sudden movement of materials within the Earth, such as slip along a fault during an earthquake. Volcanic eruptions can also cause seismic waves. Hence, option (C) is correct. Read more about Earthquake and its cause s.

  1. Psychology 2. Morphology 3. Forensic science 4. Kalology Solution: 3 Psychology is the study of mind and behaviour.  Morphology is a branch of biology that deals with the form and structure of plants and animals.  Forensic Science is the application of science to criminal and civil laws.  Kalology is the study of beauty, aesthetics.  Hence, option (3) is correct.  Read about Different Branches of Science .

A. Vitamin A and Vitamin D  B. Ascorbic acid and Vitamin D  C. Vitamin A and thymine  D. Ascorbic acid and vitamin D  Solution: A Vitamins that can dissolve in fats and oils are called fat-soluble vitamins. The fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed along with fats in the diet. They get stored in the fatty tissue of the body and liver for a long time. Fat-Soluble vitamins are Vitamin A, D, E and K.  While Vitamin B and C are water-soluble vitamins that are quickly absorbed with the excess being released.  Read more about Vitamins and Minerals . 

(1) 10.2 kW  (2) 8.1 kW  (3) 12.3 kW  (4) 7.0 kW Solution: (2) In the above question, height is given as 60 metres.  mass per unit time= 15 kg/s g= 10m/s 2 Loss due to frictional force is given as 10% of energy i.e. only 90% input is used to generate energy. P= mgh/t*0.9 P=10 x 60 x 15 x 0.9 = 8.1 kW Hence, option (2) is correct.  Read NCERT notes on Force and NCERT Notes on Friction . 

A. Hydrolase B. Catalase C. Lipase D. Cellulase Solution: C Lipase enzymes are used in the stabilisation of rice bran oil. Stabilisation of rice bran is important as it can become rancid during storage.  Enzymes are deactivated via proper stabilisation and maximum nutrients are retained. Thermal treatment is the most common method to stabilize rice bran. Rice bran is a by-product of milled rice. It contains many micronutrients like proteins, carbohydrates, oil, tocopherols, phytosterols, etc.   Hence, option (C) is correct. Read Biology Study Notes .